Luna

Luna (or The Moon) was the inhabited sole natural satellite of the planet Earth in the Sol system.

Historical
In the early 1960s, U.S. President John F. Kennedy made a speech, stating that a decision was made to transport Humans to the moon. 

In the mid-20th century, Luna was depicted on the mission insignia for Apollo 1. 

The first manned Human landing took place in 1969 by Apollo 11, a NASA mission initiated by the Earth nation-state of the United States of America. 

The first man to walk on the Moon was Neil Armstrong, who said "That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind." Shannon O'Donnell remembered watching it on television when she was eleven years old, and still had dreams about it inspiring her career with NASA in 2000. 

In the mirror universe, the Terran Empire landed on the Moon, planting a flag there to signify their achievement. ( opening credits)

In the late 21st century the Lunar Colonies were founded. People who lived in these colonies, even by the 24th century, still referred to Luna as "the Moon", though outsiders are often surprised by this. 

In 2063, Luna's gravitational field obscured the USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-E)'s warp signature so that the Vulcan starship, the T'Plana-Hath, would not detect it while in Earth orbit as they were making First Contact with Humans. 

In 2155, John Frederick Paxton used the hijacked verteron array on Mars to fire on Luna, as a demonstration of the array's power. 

In 2259 of the alternate reality, the USS Enterprise and the USS Vengeance were engaged in a fire fight outside Luna's orbit.

The USS Defiant (2370) passed Luna on its way to Earth in 2371. 

Political
As a major Human settlement, Luna fell under Federation jurisdiction and protection.

"Terra Prime", a xenophobic group of Humans which manifested in 2155, originated from the Orpheus Mining Colony on the Moon.

In the late 24th century there were over 50 million people living on the Moon. In Earth slang, people who lived on the moon were called Lunar schooners. The occupants of Luna were aware of this but chose not to use the term on the moon. 

Geographical
Outside the pressure domes of the Lunar Colonies, the gravity was low and there was no air for humans to breathe. The sun came up once a month. This event, known as the lunar morning, was a special occasion for people living on Luna. Dorian Collins and her father would hike across the Sea of Clouds towards a scenic spot on the western rim to witness the lunar morning. She described it as meeting God. 

On a clear day on Earth, a person could see Tycho City, New Berlin, and Lake Armstrong. 

Depictions in the Apollo program
Luna was a central theme in the mission insignias for the Apollo program in the mid-20th century. The first depiction of Luna was in the program's insignia. The insignia depicted the path of the spacecraft from a launch site in Florida to a landing site on Luna. Sun god Apollo was drawn into the features of Luna. As each mission grew closer to landing, the features of Luna became more detailed with cratering and suggested the ship either orbiting above or landing on Luna. By Apollo 15, the lunar features were the dominant image of the insignia. The last lunar mission, Apollo 17, suggested that the program was the first step in man's progression to the stars with Apollo looking beyond Luna to Saturn and to a distant galaxy. 

Other information
When attempting a lucid dream to contact a species of aliens, Chakotay used the image of the moon to alert him to the fact that he was dreaming. Chakotay saw the moon three times – once outside the USS Voyager from the mess hall, once on a monitor screen in Cargo Bay 2 after he'd apparently woken up to warn him he was still asleep and under the aliens' control, and once more on the main viewscreen in the bridge when he dozed off and was slipping back into the aliens' grip. 

Locations

 * Armstrong City
 * Copernicus City
 * Copernicus Ship Yards
 * Lake Armstrong
 * Luna Shipyards
 * Lunaport
 * Lunar colonies
 * Lunar One colony
 * New Berlin
 * Orpheus Mining Colony
 * Sea of Clouds
 * Tranquility Base
 * Tycho City

Background Information
According to Star Trek: Star Charts (Pgs. 32, "United Federation of Planets I"), The Moon (or Sol IIIa) was classified as a D-class moon. In 2039, the Lunar Colonies, the uniglobal government of the Moon, was founded. Tycho City was the seat of government. In 2161, the Moon was a charter member of the United Federation of Planets. In 2378, Humans were the dominant species, and there were counted 50.2 million living on the Moon. Points of interest included Tranquility Base, Lake Armstrong, New Berlin, and Lunaport.