Science laboratory

A science laboratory (for short, lab or science lab) was any area set-up for work in experimental or observational science. Areas like these were commonplace aboard explorational vessels such as Federation starships, space stations and outposts, under the auspices of Starfleet's sciences division.

Constitution class
The USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) had fourteen separate science labs during James T. Kirk's historic  five-year mission as commanding officer. Kirk met psychologist Helen Noel at the 2265 science lab Christmas party. 
 * Geological lab
 * Astrophysics lab
 * Electromagnetic section
 * Bio and Medical labs
 * Biopsy lab
 * Biochemistry lab
 * Chem lab
 * Nuclear electronics lab

The refit configuration of the Constitution-class also had science labs, as was typified aboard the USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-A). In 2293, Spock and Chekov used one such lab to examine Klingon blood. 

Galaxy class
starships like the USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D) had at least sixteen general-purpose science laboratories plus a number of dedicated facilities studying different disciplines. Extra labs could be installed on Deck 8 if needed. Typical science laboratories aboard a Galaxy-class starship included:
 * astronomical sciences
 * astrophysics lab
 * stellar cartography lab
 * stellar cartography viewscreen
 * stellar dynamics
 * planetary sciences
 * geological lab
 * physical sciences
 * engineering lab
 * quantum mechanics
 * biological and medical sciences
 * exobiology
 * arboretum
 * hydroponics
 * cetacean ops
 * biomedical lab
 * medlabs one through four
 * cybernetics lab
 * cultural anthropology
 * archaeology lab
 * tactical lab

Intrepid and Nova class
and ships shared an identical science lab design. Typical science laboratories aboard these starships included:
 * stellar cartography
 * astrometrics lab (USS Voyager only)
 * bio and medical labs
 * sickbay lab
 * The holographic research lab

Sovereign class
Typical science laboratories aboard a starship included:
 * stellar cartography
 * bio and medical labs
 * hydroponics
 * cybernetics lab

Miscellaneous

 * Deep Space 9
 * Cambridge University
 * biometrics lab
 * A laboratory at the Bajoran Research Center, in which Odo "grew up"

Labor