Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan was a nation-state on Earth in the 21st century. Originally a socialist republic of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan became an independent nation in the 1990s. 

Maps of the Earth, including Kazakhstan, were present on the library computer of the USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) in 2254. 

Sometime towards the end of the 24th century, the USSR reformed and Kazakstan was apparently reincorporated into that nation. Kazakhstan at that time was the site of the Baikonur Cosmodrome, which launched the SS Tsiolkovsky.