Mitosis

Mitosis was the process by which a eukaryotic cell separated the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets.

A magnetic organism encountered by the USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) in 2269 was able to reproduce itself by mitosis and take over the control systems of starships, computer centers, even planets. 

In 2369, embryonic quantum singularity lifeforms were discovered in a state of mitosis in the engine core of a Romulan warbird. 

In 2372, when hyper-evolution caused Tom Paris' cells to undergo mitosis, The Doctor used a bio-suppressor field to inhibit the process.