Memory wipe

A memory wipe was a medical procedure designed for the purpose of selectively eliminating memory engrams from the mind of an individual.

The neural neutralizer was an early attempt at a device for erasing memories. 

Dr. Katherine Pulaski developed a memory wipe technique which was effective on many humanoid species. It was used on Sarjenka, a young girl from the pre-warp civilization on Drema IV, in order to prevent her from telling her people of her experiences with the Enterprise. 

The technique was not successful on all humanoids, however. Mintakans were unaffected by the memory wipe, as were the Boraalans.

A memory wipe was used by Dr. Julian Bashir to reassign Kurn's identity to Rodek in 2372. 

As of 2374 the Ramurans used a neurolytic emitter to erase memories of recaptured refugees.