Arena (episode)

Kirk battles an alien captain who destroyed a Federation outpost.

Teaser
Captain Kirk and a landing party – Spock, Dr. McCoy, O'Herlihy, Kelowitz and Lang – beam down to the Federation observation outpost on Cestus III at the invitation of its commander, Commodore Travers. Arriving, they discover the invitation a ruse and the colony destroyed.

Act One
As Spock discovers other lifeforms, the landing party comes under attack. O'Herlihy dies almost immediately, disintegrated, and then the shelling begins.

At the same time, the Enterprise comes under attack in orbit by an unidentified starship. With her deflector screens up, the Enterprise cannot beam up the landing party.

Kirk finally breaks the siege by returning fire with a grenade launcher (resembling a mortar) that fortuitously survived the initial bombardment. The aliens, perhaps afraid of stiffer resistance, decamp to their own ship. Kirk and the surviving members of the landing party are able to return to the Enterprise.

Kirk concludes that the ruse luring him to Cestus III was a trap – an attempt to destroy the Enterprise, the only protection in that part of the Federation. Such a move, a prelude to invasion, suggests the correct course: overtake and destroy the enemy, before he can return to his home base and report.

Act Two
Kirk orders hot pursuit. Spock argues against destroying the enemy vessel, on the basis of respect for sentient life. Kirk disagrees; his opinion is that a crime has been committed, and the perpetrators must be punished.

Closing at warp 8, the Enterprise records a scanning beam from an uncharted solar system at 2466 PM. The alien is not approaching this system; it appears that a third party is "curious" about the Enterprise.

The alien abruptly begins to slow, going quickly to sublight speed. Kirk closes for the kill, and then... the Enterprise begins to slow, and is quickly stopped – just like the alien.

The architects of this reveal themselves: the Metrons, an advanced race who regard intrusion into their space for the purpose of conflict as unacceptable. They remove Kirk from the Enterprise, and the Gorn captain from his vessel, and deposit both of them on a suitably-prepared world. There, they will settle their differences, using strength and ingenuity.

Act Three
The Gorn captain is reptilian, large, and very strong – but quite slow. Kirk is able to evade him initially, but knows he can't evade him indefinitely. He'll have to find a way to defeat an opponent who is far stronger and tougher.

The key may lie in a comment the Metron made, that the prepared environment contains elements suitable for fabricating weapons. Attack and evasion continue for some time, with Kirk narrowly evading death at the Gorn's claws.

The Gorn finally communicates: it proposes that Kirk cease trying to evade him, and promises in exchange to be merciful and quick. Kirk compares this offer to the "mercy" shown at Cestus III; this enrages the Gorn, who tells Kirk his people regard Cestus III as part of their space. From the Gorn perspective, they were repelling an invading force.

Act Four
The conflict continues, with each individual attacking the other. Finally, Kirk remembers an old, old formula: gunpowder.

Using sulfur, coal, potassium nitrate, diamonds, and a bamboo-like plant, Kirk constructs a makeshift cannon. Moments from a fatal attack, Kirk touches off his crude device, incapacitating the Gorn.

Kirk has won the contest, but stops short of delivering the fatal stroke. He yells out loud to the unseen Metrons that he won't kill the Gorn.

The Metron appears, and expresses surprise: their analysis did not prepare them for Kirk's demonstration of mercy towards his helpless opponent.

Although Humanity is still half-savage, perhaps in several thousand years it will be civilized enough to be of interest to the Metrons. The Metron returns both participants to their ships, and the Enterprise is transported five hundred parsecs (roughly 1610 light years) away from its previous location.

Log Entries

 * "Captain's log, stardate 3045.6. The Enterprise has responded to a call from Earth observation outpost on Cestus III. On landing, we have discovered that the outpost has been destroyed."


 * "Captain's log, supplement. We have beamed back to the Enterprise and immediately set out in pursuit of the alien vessel. It appears to be headed towards a largely unexplored section of the galaxy."


 * "Captain's log, stardate 3046.2. We are in hot pursuit of the alien vessel which destroyed the Earth outpost on Cestus III."


 * "The Enterprise is dead in space, stopped cold during her pursuit of an alien raider by mysterious forces... and I have been somehow whisked off the bridge and placed on the surface of an asteroid, facing the captain of the alien ship. Weaponless, I face the creature the Metrons called a Gorn: large, reptilian. Like most Humans, I seem to have an instinctive revulsion to reptiles. I must fight to remember that this is an intelligent, highly advanced individual, the captain of a starship like myself. Undoubtedly, a dangerously clever opponent."


 * "This is Captain James Kirk of the Starship Enterprise. Whoever finds this, please get it to Starfleet Command. I'm engaged in personal combat with a creature apparently called a Gorn. He's immensely strong. Already, he has withstood attacks from me that would have killed a Human being. Fortunately, though strong, he is not agile. The agility and I hope the cleverness, is mine."


 * "The Metrons, the creatures that sent us both here, said that the surface of the planet provides the raw material... to construct weapons. There's very little here – scrub brush, rocks, an abundance of mineral deposits, but no weapons in the conventional sense. Still, I need to find one; bare-handed against the Gorn, I have no chance."


 * "A large deposit of diamonds on the surface. Perhaps, the hardest substance known in the universe. Beautifully crystallized and pointed, but too small to be useful as a weapon. An incredible fortune in stones, yet I would trade them all for a hand phaser or a good, solid club. Yet, the Metrons said there would be weapons... if I could find them. Where? What kind?"


 * "This may be my last entry. I am almost exhausted. Unless I find the weapon the Metron mentioned, I have very little time left. Native sulfur, diamonds... This place is a mineralogist's dream! Yet... there is something about sulfur... something very old. Something... if only I could remember."

Memorable Quotes
"Doctor, you are a sensualist."

"You bet your pointed ears I am."


 * - Spock and McCoy, on the prospect of eating non-reconstituted food

"Like most humans, I seem to have an instinctive revulsion to reptiles."
 * - Kirk, on seeing the Gorn captain

"This place is a mineralogist's dream."
 * - Kirk, describing the planet

"We appeal to you in the name of civilization! Put a stop to this!"

"Your violent intent and actions demonstrate that you are not civilized."
 * - McCoy and a Metron, after the Metron announces that Kirk is losing the battle

"I weary of the chase. Wait for me. I shall be merciful and quick."
 * - Gorn Captain, persuading Kirk to surrender

"Can he do it?"

"If he has the time, doctor. If he has the time."
 * - McCoy and Spock, discussing Kirk's chances of firing off the cannon

"By sparing your helpless enemy who surely would have destroyed you, you demonstrated the advanced trait of mercy. Something we hardly expected."
 * - Metron, to Kirk

"You are still half savage. But there is hope."
 * - Metron's parting words to Kirk

"We're a most promising species, Mister Spock, as predators go. Did you know that?"

"I've frequently had my doubts."

"I don't. Not anymore."
 * - Kirk and Spock

Script

 * This teleplay was credited to an original story by Fredric Brown, also titled "Arena", that was first published in 1944 on the pages of Astounding Science Fiction magazine, though Robert Justman and Herb Solow wrote in Inside Star Trek: The Real Story, that Gene L. Coon wrote his script as an original (over the course of a weekend), unaware of Brown's story, and only sought permission to "adapt" the story after the slight similarities were pointed out to him. Brown was more than happy to hear that Star Trek decided to use one of his stories, and probably never found out the real plot behind it.
 * ' did a story similar to "Arena," entitled "Fun and Games." The BBC series ' also filmed a variation of this premise in the first year episode "Duel."
 * In his final speech, the Metron informs Kirk that, because he demonstrated mercy, he will not be destroyed. Initially, they said they planned to destroy the loser, "in the interests of peace". In Coon's script, in dialog not aired, the Metron admits that they had, all along, planned to actually destroy the ship of the winner of the personal combat, because that race would represent the greater danger to them. James Blish preserves this disclosure in his novelization in Star Trek 2.
 * "Metron" is similar to Metatron, an angel in Judaism. The name means "instrument of change" in Greek. The name of the planet, Cestus III, refers to gladiatorial combat. A cestus is a type of boxing glove, consisting of strips of iron wrapped in leather, which gladiators wore in the arena.
 * Vic Perrin's dialog as the Metron has a few phrases that are quite similar to his "Control Voice" narration on The Outer Limits.
 * In the closing credits of the show, the title for Script Supervisor is misspelled "SCPIPT SUPERVISOR". This typo continues for several episodes within the closing credits.

Locations

 * The scenes on the planet surface were filmed at Vasquez Rocks, California, the same location used for, and several other Star Trek productions. The area of Kirk's fight with the Gorn, in front of a jagged rock face known to fans as "Gorn Rock",  was also seen in the film '. The two main characters in that film, after watching  on television, also visited Vasquez Rocks, California. Furthermore, the diner in ' is called the "Arena Diner", named after this episode since that particular scene in the film was also filmed in Vasquez Rocks. In the 1998 movie , two of the characters goof around there in Trek-style costumes. The rocks also appear in an hommage to this scene in Paul with Simon Pegg playing Kirk and Nick Frost as the Gorn (and wearing a Gorn mask). They leave quickly when tourists to Vasquez Rocks see them acting out. The entire first three seasons of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers had the command center at the top of the cliff.
 * The History Channel show How William Shatner Changed the World saw Shatner return to Vasquez Rocks in a sports car and revisit some of the very rocks where he battled the Gorn.
 * The fort set (Cestus III), retouched here with science-fiction trappings and location signs, can be seen in several early episodes of ', most prominently in the episode "The Night of the Sudden Plague." It also is an important part of the coincidentally-titled Mission: Impossible episode, "Trek." This set was directly adjacent to Vasquez Rocks – so close that in an episode of ', entitled "Dagger Dance" (1961, with Byron Morrow) both the fort and the distinctive peaks of Vasquez Rocks appear in the same shot. In some shots Vasquez Rocks can be seen from the set in "Arena" itself. The fort set plays a major role in the 1964 ' episode "Alias Joe Cartwright." The fort's walls and  are clearly visible throughout the episode. The Vasquez Rocks area is used for the traveling segments back and forth to town. According to Eddie Paskey's website, it was also used for the film '.  According to Jerry L. Schneider's "Vasquez Rocks" web page on Movie Making Locations, the fort was built in the mid 1950s for the television show  from Screen Gems, a Columbia Pictures subsidiary, erected at a cost of US$117,843.17. The set was torn down several years after the filming of "Arena", and the area is a parking lot across from the Vasquez Rocks Natural Area.
 * A piece of crinkled "stone" wall, which was black aluminum foil, was placed at the top of the frame to hide the California landscape with homes that would have otherwise been seen in one very wide shot of the fort. The remastered version of the episode corrects this error by rendering a CGI landscape in place of the foil.

Props and Costumes

 * An identical translating device is seen later in.
 * Wah Chang designed and built the Gorn suit; its clothing was designed by William Ware Theiss. Actually, two suits were made, worn by stuntmen Bobby Clark and Gary Combs. Also, William Blackburn wore the Gorn head for close-ups. After production finished on the episode, the two Gorn costumes were placed in Robert Justman's office (one dressed up to look like a girl), to scare unsuspecting visitors. (Inside Star Trek: The Real Story)
 * Harold, the outpost's only survivor, wears the recycled uniform worn by Commander Hansen in.
 * William Shatner wears flat-soled, laced boots rather than the regular leather versions worn by the cast. Possibly the change was made for safety reasons given the many scenes in which Shatner scrambles over rocky ground.
 * Shatner also wears previously unseen white undergarments during the location segments on the asteroid. The long-sleeved shirt can be viewed just under the cuff of Kirk's tunic when he's using the recorder-translator.  The "long johns" can be seen above the boots when Kirk is crouched on a rock.  Given that this segment was filmed in November, the undergarments could be thermal, or perhaps padding for the fight scenes.

Effects

 * Cestus III was a globe of the Earth (previously seen in ), printed backwards and tinted a hazy orange.
 * The Enterprise's three double phaser bursts, which Sulu says constituted a full discharge of phaser banks, fire from an unusual location in this episode – not from near the glowing dome at the bottom of the saucer, but from much higher up, closer to where Matt Jefferies originally located the main phaser banks in his early diagrams of the ship. These schematics appeared as display diagrams in other episodes and also on the sides of the early AMT Star Trek model kits.
 * Phasers prove ineffective against the Gorn ship, so Kirk gives the order to arm the photon torpedoes, marking the first naming of that weapon in the series. Sulu says they get off a full discharging of photon torpedo "banks" in this episode, which constitutes only two shots, and they are red globular discharges that fire from the glowing dome under the saucer.
 * The closing credits use a different shot of Vina than was used for most of the first season episodes.

Cast

 * Both William Shatner and Leonard Nimoy currently suffer from due to a special effects explosion on the set of this episode.  DeForest Kelley reportedly suffered from tinnitus as well during the remainder of his life.
 * Bobby Clark, one of the performers who played the part of the Gorn Captain, visited a Star Trek soundstage 38 years later for the filming of Captain Archer's fight with the Gorn Slar in the Star Trek: Enterprise episode . That episode was the first appearance of the Gorn in live-action Trek since "Arena."
 * Clark later reprised his Gorn performance from "Arena" in the Bring Back... Star Trek documentary in 2009. William Shatner also fought a Gorn in an "Arena" parody to advertise the 2013 Star Trek video game.

Other Information

 * The phaser control room reports that aft phasers are ready. This is the first time we are given evidence in dialog that the Enterprise (and the ships in general) have aft weaponry.
 * By 2371, Human colonists were once again living on Cestus III, suggesting that the Federation and the Gorn Hegemony had put aside their differences after the events of this episode.
 * This is the first episode to establish the existence of a "Federation". The word was first used in as First Federation, but it was the name of Balok's organization. This episode refers to the "Federation," which was fully named later in.
 * Filmation, who produced Star Trek: The Animated Series, went on to produce the hit cartoon He-Man and the Masters of the Universe (1983-85), which used many modified TAS character and set designs, a number of sound effects also utilized in both TOS and TAS, as well as having several Trek-similar story lines. The most notable of these is a second season episode called "The Arena", where a god-like entity forces He-Man and Skeletor to do battle, very similar to the Trek episode "Arena".
 * In the DS9 episode, Captain Sisko admits to Jadzia Dax that he would love to meet Kirk and ask him about "fighting the Gorn on Cestus III..."
 * In the 1970s, the Mego toy company produced a "Gorn" action figure doll. However, unlike the TV character, the toy was dressed in the same costume used for the "Klingon" doll.  Also, the head was the same one used for the Marvel Comics doll "The Lizard," except the Gorn head was molded brown to match the costume.
 * The creation of the diamond cannon was tested on the show MythBusters in late 2009 and deemed implausible. (It's been suggested the wood on the Metron planet may have had different properties, however).

Remastered Information

 * "Arena" was the seventh episode of the remastered version of The Original Series to air. It premiered in syndication on the weekend of and most notably featured new effects shots of Cestus III from space, the Enterprise battling the Gorn ship, and an expanded matte painting of the outpost, showing more battle damage and giving greater scope to the surrounding terrain.  A small, but significant alteration also appeared in the form of the Gorn, which blinked several times throughout the remastered episode – achieved with computer-generated eyelids.  Another small detail was finally inserted into the episode: the Gorn starship.


 * The next remastered episode to air was .

Production Timeline

 * "Arena" is published in the edition of Astounding Science Fiction magazine.
 * Story outline by Gene L. Coon:
 * Revised first draft teleplay:
 * Final draft:
 * Revised final draft:
 * Filmed: –
 * Original airdate:
 * Rerun airdate:
 * First UK airdate:

Video and DVD Releases

 * Original US Betamax release:.
 * UK VHS release (two-episode tapes, CIC Video): Volume 11, catalogue number VHR 2295, release date unknown.
 * US VHS release:.
 * UK re-release (three-episode tapes, CIC Video): Volume 1.7,.
 * Original US DVD release (single-disc): Volume 10,.
 * As part of the TOS Season 1 DVD collection.
 * As part of the TOS Season 1 HD DVD collection.
 * As part of the TOS Season 1 Blu-ray collection.

Starring

 * William Shatner as Capt. Kirk

Also Starring

 * Leonard Nimoy as Mr. Spock

Featuring

 * DeForest Kelley as Dr. McCoy
 * George Takei as Sulu
 * James Doohan as Scott
 * Nichelle Nichols as Uhura
 * Jerry Ayres as O'Herlihy
 * Grant Woods as Kelowitz
 * Tom Troupe as Lt. Harold
 * James Farley as Lang
 * Carole Shelyne as the Metron
 * Sean Kenney as DePaul

Uncredited Co-Stars

 * William Blackburn as Hadley and the Gorn captain (head only)
 * Bobby Clark as the Gorn captain
 * Gary Coombs as the Gorn captain
 * Ted Cassidy as the Gorn captain's voice
 * Vic Perrin as the Metron's voice
 * Frank da Vinci as Brent
 * Eddie Paskey as Leslie
 * Ron Veto as Harrison
 * Grant Woods as Travers (voice)

Stunt Double

 * Dick Dial as Shatner's stunt double