Dreadnought

In starship classification, a dreadnought was a type of heavily armed starship.

The USS Entente was an example of this type of vessel. 

In 2370, the Maquis captured a defective Cardassian ATR-4107 missile. B'Elanna Torres spent nearly a month reprogramming its computer and upgrading its systems, and eventually named it Dreadnought owing to its formidable nature. 

The USS Vengeance was an example of this type of vessel in the alternate reality.

Background information
There are only three known on-screen references to a dreadnought; one comes from the radio chatter in the first Epsilon IX scene in. The dreadnought named Entente, was derived from Franz Joseph's Star Fleet Technical Manual, which also states that it is a Federation-class dreadnought. The outline of a three nacelled Federation-class ship is briefly glimpsed in computer screens on the USS Enterprise (NCC-1701). Another is Dreadnought, the name B'Elanna Torres chose for the captured ATR-4107 missile in. The third comes from, where the USS Vengeance was identified as a Dreadnought-class warship.

The term "dreadnought," denoting a class of warship larger and more heavily-armed than a cruiser, was taken from the HMS Dreadnought, a Royal Navy ship-of-the-line of the early 20th century which was regarded as the first such vessel. HMS Dreadnought is considered to be the prototype modern battleship design and is considered a battleship, not a distinct class of ships, by current naval historians.

Apocrypha
Dreadnought-class is briefly mentioned by William T. Riker in the novel Dark Mirror as a starship class that is the closest analog Starfleet has to the heavily-armed and armored version of the from the mirror universe.

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Dreadnought (Schiffstyp) ドレッドノート Dreadnought