Voiceprint

A voiceprint is an electronically recorded representation of a voice in graphical format. Each voiceprint is unique to the individual speaker. They can sometimes be imitated by voice duplicators, but strong software can detect the deception.

They were commonly used security methods to identify individuals when accessing critical or secured information, including on turbolifts. They had (for the most part) replaced retinal scans between the 21st and 24th centuries.

In the 23rd century, a voiceprint was a primary part of the Steinman analysis method of comparing someone against their baseline retained in Starfleet personnel files. .

In 2266, Kirk suspected Anton Karidian of being Kodos, something that a voiceprint suggested was possible, but Kirk was unwilling to convict someone on something that was only "close". 

Voiceprint authorization is required to open a code 47 encrypted communication channel. 

In 2370, Miles O'Brien's voice was recorded by a Cardassian imitating Raymond Boone and used to create a fake voiceprint to access a weapons locker aboard Deep Space 9 to steal photon torpedoes. 

In 2371, Quark accessed Deep Space 9's computer systems to download Kira's voiceprint along with her retinal scan and psychological profile in order to put together a holographic version of her for Tiron. 

In 2373 aboard USS Voyager, Chakotay restricted all of the computer interfaces to Starfleet voiceprints only when the crew was being replaced by aliens.